腹壁可顾及肿物的超声鉴别（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他病变.. Urachal Cyst 凹尿管息肉A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )凹尿管息肉见于凹和胃两者之间，上会坐落于凹尿管的下1/3 ，但也可见于只能坐落于凹下。这些息肉可展现为基本上无Echo或低Echo。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 绘出11A，凹尿管息肉，此息肉已受感染，内部成份要强Echo的黏稠。B，凹尿管息肉，紧绷的息肉前壁导致反射伪影。

..Endometriosis子宫粘液原发性Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).腹腔子宫粘液原发性是子宫动手术的长时间合并症，无特殊展现，但可于以前手术的瘢痕出口处见一局部肿物，并有周期性的疼痛和溃疡。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 绘出12 ，剖宫产伤疤出口处子宫粘液原发性

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 腹腔血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).腹直肌鞘血肿可发生于发作性头痛后、咳嗽或癫痫发作后，其根本原因上会是抗凝治疗或出血性疾病。由于血肿放宽于腹直肌鞘内，上会不较大，其形状根据所出口处右方而定，在前端线以上，血肿常为卵圆形，偏心率深褐色上下顺时针，可于下方见过（绘出13A）；在前端线表列出，由于腹白线缺如，可引入横过中线，因此血肿展现为分齿状，其最大宽度坐落于居中上。在男婴腹腔血肿可见于凹上滑动引入（绘出13B、C）。术后球状性血管内免疫的病人可于腹腔手术瘢痕附近见过大的血肿（绘出13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 绘出13A，一中年妇女剧烈头痛后腹直肌鞘血肿，箭头指示腹横筋膜。B，男婴腹腔血肿。C，一男婴凹肾脏附着出口处里面的腹腔血肿。UV，凹肾脏。D，一球状性血管内免疫的剖宫产术后病人疤痕出口处腹腔血肿。

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